After Hitler assumed absolute power in 1933, the Nazis enacted a series of laws meant to segregate and otherwise dehumanize the Jews. Mein Kampf is crazily interesting in a lot of ways--historically, specifically. He explained that: * The Jews were parasites because they had never had a state of their own. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, in Braunau am Inn, a small Austrian town near the Austro-German frontier. A people trained in pragmatism should want to inspect this magic” ( Philosophy 192). The original title Hitler chose was "Four and a Half Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice. Hitler follows the events of the Boer War with interest, eagerly awaiting the newspapers every day. 1. FROM MEIN KAMPF, SUMMARY OF CHAPTER SEVEN OF VOLUME TWO, pages 217 to 265 of the Thomas Dalton dual-translation. Originally published in 1925, Mein Kampf is largely predicated on Hitler's allegation of the existence of a massive Jewish conspiracy against the German people. there are differences among races, and qualitative differences. Mein Kampf is a study in Hitler’s attempt to shed the image of the opportunistic local demagogue and assume the role of fuhrer, the heroic leader who would bring a weak and troubled Germany to salvation. The first volume of Mein Kampf, subtitled “ Eine Abrechnung ” or “A Reckoning,” was written mostly during Hitler’s stay in Landsberg and ultimately consisted of 12 chapters when it was published in July 1925. Hitler dictated his autobiographical political manifesto in Mein Kampf, published in 1925. Part 3: Mein Kampf: The Struggler, Concluded; Part 4: The Standover Man. The theory was later. Showing you are reading it provides a good cover for people who loath it. Summary. The edition using his translation was first published as a two volume set in the UK in 1939. Liesel removes the book from beneath her shirt before she and Hans reach home; it's burning her too much. . Mein Kampf that details Hitler's myopic and hate-filled blueprint of race supremacy and Nazi political thought is also available in English from digital archives like Project Gutenberg Australia and Archive. manifesto, a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. TLDR; Mein Kampf kind of made me change my thoughts on Hitler as I realized he wasn't pure evil. Still no one stepped forward, but a voice stooped out and ambled toward the sergeant…. Race or nationality plays no role whatsoever. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. The Jewish doctrine of Marxism rejects the aristocratic principle of Nature and replaces the eternal privilege of power and strength by the mass of numbers and their dead weight. Liesel and Rudy find a pfennig on the ground and buy a single piece of candy from Frau Diller. Poor Hitler. After redefinition and re-education, Hitler hoped that the nation would be regenerated through the process, as Smith argues, of rediscovering its primordial elements, selecting the genuine components and rejecting. Originally published in 1925, Mein Kampf is largely predicated on Hitler's allegation of the existence of a massive Jewish conspiracy against the German people. . Summary. Weinberg (Editor) 3. Herzl's concern for the sad young man continues, and leads him to a new career with disastrous consequences for world history. He refers to the war and the concentration cam. Mein Kampf, political bekenntnis written by Adol Hotler. Hans asks what she has and she shows him. Volume One: A Reckoning. Markus Zusak. Clear rating. CHAPTER 6. by. Hubermann, and Max Vandenberg are excellent examples of the power Mein Kampf possessed over society in 1930’s Nazi Germany. Summary and Analysis Part 4: The Standover Man: The Swapping of Nightmares. Adolf Hitler - Nazi Leader, WW2, Germany: Discharged from the hospital amid the social chaos that followed Germany’s defeat, Hitler took up political work in Munich in May–June 1919. No one likes a coward. A people trained in pragmatism should want to inspect this magic” ( Philosophy 192). “Reading is not an end to itself, but a means to an end. Part 3: Mein Kampf: The Struggler, Concluded; Part 4: The Standover Man: The Accordionist (The Secret Life of Hans Hubermann)We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In due course he was convicted and sentenced to prison; while there he wrote Mein Kampf. Part 3: Mein Kampf: The Struggler, Concluded; Part 4: The Standover Man: The Accordionist (The Secret Life of. "In front of him, he read from the copy of Mein Kampf. Mein Kampf. 25/Jun/2021. ‘Mein Kampf’ Hitler’s autobiography ‘My Struggle’ is such a well-known historical book, whose study not only reveals the suffering of Germany but also its nationalist attitude in Hitler’s victim mentality. Hitler had in fact held himself in check when he wrote Mein Kampf because he was still on parole after having been released from Landsberg prison on December 20, 1924. Mein Kampf. ). SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4. Mein Kampf is a strong symbol of conformity to Nazi ideology. The book consists of two volumes, the first one published in 1925, and the second during the following year. Print Word PDF This section contains 688 words Burke argued that Hitler had put “his cards face up on the table,” and exhorted critics to study Mein Kampf: “Let us, then, for God’s sake, examine them. Mein Kampf (My Struggle) was a book written by Adolf Hitler and Rudolf Hess. Volume 1: Chapter 5, The World War Summary and Analysis. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. He finds things in the control of soldiers' councils. ideologies propaganda hate speech authoritarianism dictatorship totalitarianism anti-semitism holocaust world war ii adolf hitler mein kampf summary book summaries political. Theme Wheel. . Mein Kampf is a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. Mein Kampf, (German: “My Struggle”) political manifesto written by Adolf Hitler. Mein Kampf. This is the book in which Adolf Hitler expounds his theories and views and its copyright is held by the Bavarian Finance Ministry. there are differences among races, and qualitative differences. The timeline below shows where the symbol Mein Kampf appears in The Book Thief. She won't steal it; it will come to her. The most significant book in Part 3 is Mein Kampf (My Struggle), which Hitler wrote while in prison during the 1920s. In his absence, it becomes clear that no one else can create a successful ultra-right-wing movement; 1925-28: Hitler, released from prison, reconstitutes the Nazi Party under his exclusive leadership. ”. Read More: Part 6, Chapters 5–8ENG-1D1-11. His National Socialist German Workers' Party (the Nazi party) was still relatively small, and he used his trial to attract national attention. ― Adolf Hitler, quote from Mein Kampf. During the War the heaviest of penalties had to be paid for that ignorance. This chapter illustrates a happy moment for Rudy and Liesel in Nazi Germany, reminding us still of the blend between lightness and darkness, and also the need. Alternatively, Mein Kampf was also wielded by a majority of German nationals as a source of guidance and assurance in the chaotic economic state surrounding the German country. The author would need another two years of involvement to fully. THE STATE. He wrote it in prison, where he was serving a sentence for a failed coup he attempted. Print Word PDF. The book initially begins with Hitler's background, in which he describes his childhood, early aspirations, and the conflict he felt when he was expected to follow his father's footsteps. ”. 17, 1943, these pages contained a book review of “Mein Kampf. “And in the red corner, we have the Jewish, rat-faced challenger—Max Vandenburg. One drawing shows a. My Struggle ( Norwegian: Min kamp) is a series of six autobiographical novels written by Karl Ove Knausgård and published between 2009 and 2011. NATION AND RACE. This Study Guide consists of approximately 52 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Mein Kampf. ” This worldview is based on. It was barely possible to see the paintwork. Mein Kampf [ My Struggle] is a book by Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's political ideology of National Socialism. "; Having brought his narrative up to the point of Hitler's prison sentence, Shirer takes this opportunity to pause and assess the cultural and intellectual underpinnings. In the beginning of this excerpt (a. It combines elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's political ideology. A Negro who once lived. The Zweites Buch ( German: [ˈtsvaɪ̯təs buːχ], "Second Book"), published in English as Hitler's Secret Book and later as Hitler's Second Book, [1] is an unedited transcript of Adolf Hitler 's thoughts on foreign policy written in 1928; it was written after Mein Kampf and was not published in his lifetime . section taken from a book), the author describes some of the effects of gas warfare. His friend Walter Krugler had gotten him the book with the train tickets and a key inside. Death introduces himself as the narrator of the novel. First published in 1940; New introduction by Morris Heggie, Former editor of "The Dandy" and leading comic archivist When Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, to reclaim the land they 'lost' after World War One, many feared that Britain would. He wasn't a super racist, I want to purge people for Freudian/insecurity reasons type of guy. Published by: The MIT Press. clubs,. ; This will be book number three on Liesel's list of very important books. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926. ''. MEIN KAMPF by Adolf Hitler: Volume 1, Chapter 6 - War Propaganda. Volume 1: Chapter 11, Nation and Race Summary and Analysis. Summary and Analysis Part 3: Mein Kampf: The Aryan Shopkeeper. --A confluence of the first World War, the Russian -. Mein Kampf, meaning “My Struggle” in English, is an autobiographical manifesto written by Adolf Hitler during his imprisonment in the 1920s. ”. Lesson Summary. This Study Guide consists of approximately 52 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Mein Kampf. Ilsa Hermann quits the laundry service, and Liesel insults her. Every animal mates only with a member of the same species. Adolf Hitler. Born in Braunau am Inn, Austria, in 1889, Hitler grew up with a passion for art but faced. His father saved Hans's life during World War I, and later Hans tries to save Max's life, which puts the Hubermanns' lives in great jeopardy. WHEN my mother died, Fate, at least in one respect, had made its decisions. Photograph from Hulton-Deutsch Collection. This time, Liesel does. . Addeddate 2009-01-15 20:07:16 Identifier AdolfHitler-MeinKampf Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t66401p21 Ocr ABBYY FineReader 8. politicians - Kahr and Lossow - to take over Munich in a revolution. Mein Kampf is the title of a book written by Adolf Hitler, and in English, the title means “my struggle. [1] [2] Four full translations were completed before 1945, as well as a number of extracts in newspapers, pamphlets, government documents and unpublished typescripts. Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler is a very controversial book. The Book Thief - Part Three, Mein Kampf Summary & Analysis. What one finds is a genuine analysis of the root of Germany's issues and their solutions, which would later be implemented and immediately successful in the Third Reich. Austrian-born Adolf Hitler, known as “der Führer,” from 1921 led the Nazi party of Germany, and his fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925–1927), attracted widespread support; he from 1933 served as chancellor of the Third Reich and after 1934 ruled as an absolute dictator, whose pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion. He feels deeply guilty for leaving his family to save himself, an act he sees as a choice rather than a necessity to survive. He has memorized the map and walks to Himmel Street, number 33. 8 When compared with Hitler’s speeches and. Liesel and Rudy continue to steal from farmers with their gang of friends. Users on social media have been sharing a quote misattributed to Adolf Hitler on his alleged views on how to control people. Summary. Excerpt from Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler [This excerpt is the first section of Vol. Wenn ich älter bin Ich möchte somethhing für mein Land , wie das, was er tat. He befriended a German Jew named Erik Vandenburg. Mein kampf is an autobiography of Adolf Hitler which explains his political ideologies more than his life. Max makes his way to Himmel Street. Mein Kampf AnalysisHistory for thinkers. What is the meaning of Max painting over Mein Kampf. A su vez, Hans le pide a Liesel que le prometa que guardará un secreto en caso de que él se lo pida. ”. In Mein Kampf, published in 1924, Hitler quoted American eugenic ideology and openly displayed a thorough knowledge of American eugenics. (For more details on these social policies, see Richard Tedor's book, Hitler's Revolution. Mein Kampf - Volume 2: Chapter 14, Eastern Orientation or Eastern Policy Summary & Analysis. The first volume of MEIN KAMPF’ was written while the author was imprisioned in a Bavarian fortress. Overview Mein Kampf. , when, as the victorious Gauls descended on Rome, the Senators ordered their ivory chairs to be placed in the Forum before the Temples of the Gods. Wikipedia. Though its virulent anti-Semitism and. It is often claimed that Mein Kampf is a dangerous book. It was his only complete book and became the bible of National Socialism in the German Third Reich. Mein Kampf, which translates to "My Struggles" in English, was an autobiographical. Lesson Summary. This engaging summary presents an analysis of Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler, which was written during Hitler’s incarceration in Landsberg Prison and contains a. The capitulation of the was blamed on socialists, , but in particular on Jews. Markus Zusak's The Book Thief , set in Germany during World War II, follows young Liesel Meminger as she struggles with the loss of her mother and brother and must go to live. He served only a short jail sentence, and after the ban was lifted on his. This was in the fiftieth year of the last century. Books everywhere! Each wall was armed with overcrowded yet immaculate shelving. Photograph by Johannes Simon / Getty. Hitler was clear in his book Mein Kampf that the concept of Lebensraum was essential to his ideology. Mein Kampf is one of the most widely known and heavily quoted books of all time. In the darkness Max whispers, "Please" to Hans Hubermann, a. 1. Its tone suggests self-assurance, if not megalomania; Hitler presents his entire life as the chronicle of an incipient messiah. This book became a classic on Germany's need for space and the book's title soon became a. The reality is that she is depressed over her son's death in. There was a lot said. Adolf Hitler was the infamous dictator of Nazi Germany who. This book is the well of Nazi magic; crude magic, but effective. In this chapter, Death reveals how Hans put his copy of Mein Kampf to work for good. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926. Andrew Pettegree | Published in History Today Volume 73 Issue 10 October 2023. Summary. WAR PROPAGANDA. On the surface Mein Kampf is Hitler's opus of hatred. They also cause a delivery boy to fall on his bike and steal the food he was carrying. This section contains 270 words. On July 18, 1925, Volume One of Adolf Hitler ’s philosophical autobiography, Mein Kampf, is published. The book provides insight into Hitler’s early life, his experiences in Vienna, and his political awakening. ) _____ THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST folkish State must adapt its own organization to meet it's principal task: to educate and preserve the bearers of the State. An illustration of two photographs. Hitler, circa 1923. Continuing with passages from Mein Kampf, 2017 Thomas Dalton translation. Summary. There was a meeting every week, almost. Volume 1: Chapter 11, Nation and Race Summary and Analysis. 27. Liesel's outside life progresses as it has been — she walks with Rudy, picks up and delivers the. To prepare for the war, German foreign policy sought to undo the Treaty of. ). Reading about vienna society, I feel like he was more of a product of social. Rudy, in particular, is hungry, and Liesel is sick of pea soup. It invariably had the same effect on me as the. He was the primary instigator of both the Second World War in Europe and the mass execution of millions of people deemed to be "enemies," or inferior to the Aryan ideal. The political views of Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, have presented historians and biographers with some difficulty. Since then, the publication and. Adolf Hitler was arrested after the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch. Summary and Analysis Part 4: The Standover Man: Liesel's Lecture. He was arrested and sent to prison, where he wrote a manifesto — filled with grammatical errors — abo. She has fluffy hair and walks around in her bathrobe during the day. It was his only complete book and became the bible of National Socialism in the German Third Reich. Though its virulent anti-Semitism and. Hitler's Second Book: The Unpublished Sequel to Mein Kampf. Print Word PDF. He wrote it in prison, where he was serving a sentence for a failed coup he attempted in 1923. The book consists of two parts. But the kite takes on a different significance when Amir allows Hassan to be raped because he wants to bring the blue. In Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote about his ideology and presented himself as the leader of the extreme right. So glad to be able to bring these abbreviated versions to you. 18. html. Software. In his book, Hitler divides humans into categories based on physical appearance, establishing higher and lower orders, or types of humans. Print Word PDF. _____ IN 1919-1920, AND ALSO IN 1921, I attended some of the so-called bourgeois meetings. With "Mein Kampf" he hoped to consolidate the splintered right-wing movement in Germany and become its hero. Race And People. My father wanted me to become a Government official. Audio. Summary Part Three: Mein Kampf. On the other hand, if someone was to be nominated…. He is a very tall man who walks upright, plays the accordion, and has silver eyes. However, by the end of 1933, Hitler’s first year in power, Mein Kampf, the ‘Bible of National Socialism’, had sold. There, clad in their robes of state, they awaited the invader, hoping to save the city by sacrificing themselves. 'dagger-stab legend') [a] was an antisemitic and anticommunist conspiracy theory that was widely believed and promulgated in Germany after 1918. Mein Kampf was reprinted in German this year for the first time since the fall of Hitler. Mein Kampf = My Struggle, Adolf Hitler. Alternate cover edition of this book. Why The Second Reich Collapsed. In 1926, another important book about Lebensraum was published—Hans Grimm's book Volk ohne Raum ("A People without Space"). In 1920 he was put in charge of the party’s. Hitler. Mein Kampf(Student's and Teacher's Edition) Includes full Mein Kampf Text of the Ford Translation, The red cover version is more suitable for carrying on campus, Recommended for college courses and online courses, includes suggested discussion questions, history, summary, and classroom guide. Study Guides; Q & A; Lesson Plans; Essay Editing Services; Literature Essays;. (See here for series introduction. He pulls the key from his pocket and struggles with the door. Hitler's Criticism: Nation And Race By Meiin Kampf. Max eats only a small amount of the food, saving the rest for later. When serving his jail sentence, Adolf Hitler began to write Mein Kampf, which translates into "My Struggle" in the German language. The Rhetoric of Hitler's "Battle" is an influential essay written by Kenneth Burke in 1939 which offered a rhetorical analysis of Adolf Hitler 's rise to power in Germany. He had. Perhaps most significantly, The Book Thief explores the immense, sometimes contradictory power of. Time and distance from the events of World War II have also affected the historical interpretation of Hitler. The Jew offers the most striking contrast to the Aryan. Hitler schrieb Mein Kampf in einer Phase, in der er sich zunehmend berufen fühlte, vom „Trommler“ der nationalsozialistischen Bewe-gung zu ihrem eigentlichen „Führer“ zu werden. 2. Hitler supports the Japanese. 22 × 9 in. This book is the merger of two volumes. Mein Kampf - Volume 1: Chapter 1, In the House of My Parents Summary & Analysis. Answered by Aslan 10 years ago 12/15/2013 12:32 PM. 나의. His savior. In the Festsaal of the Munich Hofbräuhaus the twenty-five theses of the new. In the manifesto - which includes two volumes and fifteen chapters - Hitler outlines his political ideology and future plans. If someone stepped forward now, the platoon would make his life a living hell for the rest of their time together. Active Themes. In addition to apples, they begin stealing onions and potatoes, too. As Whitman shows, the Nuremberg Laws were crafted in an atmosphere of considerable attention to the precedents American race laws had to offer. Rudolf Hess, (born April 26, 1894, Alexandria, Egypt—died August 17, 1987, West Berlin, West Germany), German National Socialist who was Adolf Hitler’s deputy as party leader. The Hubermanns make Liesel visit the basement, and she nervously starts to ask if Mein Kampf is a good book, but then leaves. The book outlines Hitler’s political philosophy about the state and politics and addresses his opinions on race. 6. Adolf Hitler. for carrying out common actions. Hitler was clear in his book Mein Kampf that the concept of Lebensraum was essential to his ideology. 1, Chapter 11: Nation and Race] THERE are some truths which are so obvious that for this very reason they are not seen or at least not recognized by ordinary people. THE EXTENT of the fall of a body is always measured by the distance between its momentary position and the one it originally occupied. In Stuttgart, Death introduces Max, a Jew hiding in the darkness. For instance, Death doesn't carry a scythe or a sickle; he only wears a hooded black robe when it's cold; and he doesn't. They also devise a plan to steal from Otto Sturm, a boy from school who delivers food to the priests every Friday. e. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926. It was inhabited principally by Germano-Celtic tribes called Bajuvari and stood for centuries as the firm bulwark of Western Christendom against invasion from the East, especially. ) Another highly enlightening chapter for me, even more so than the previous one. Bavaria owns copyright to 'Mein Kampf'. Volume 1, Chapter 11: Race and People. The accordion then becomes the link between the Hubermanns and Max Vandenburg, and a symbol of Hans's strength of character that allows him to take Max in. Summary. The editors write that its ‘central question’ is the extent to which Mein Kampf ‘forbode the actions of the Nazi government more than a decade before they were carried out’ and ‘what might it reveal about the worst of Hitler’s crimes, the. . They sometimes pass by such truisms as though blind and are most astonished when someone suddenly discovers what everyone really ought to know. Rather than being random items to be stolen when the rare chance presents itself, books can be collected, organized, and perused at. 1 Fight against Poisonous Propaganda. Hitler becomes interested in propaganda when he begins to study politics. This book is the well of Nazi magic; crude magic, but effective. Summary. It was in prison that Hitler first began to compose and dictate the materials that would eventually be published as Mein Kampf, which means "My Struggle. Volume 1: Chapter 6, War Propaganda Summary and Analysis. (See here for series introduction. " (chapter 26) Answered by Mia D #576600 7 years ago 11/14/2016 12:29 PM. ― Adolf Hitler, quote from Mein Kampf. Some leading Nazis considered. Dimensions. Mein Kampf - Volume 2: Chapter 13, German Alliance Policy After the War Summary & Analysis Adolf Hitler This Study Guide consists of approximately 52 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Mein Kampf. CHAPTER 11. Six months into the World War II, in March, 1940, George Orwell wrote a review of Hitler’s Mein Kampf for the New English Weekly. FROM MEIN KAMPF, SUMMARY OF CHAPTER EIGHT OF VOLUME TWO, pages 267 to 283 of the Thomas Dalton dual-translation. How is Hitler's book, Mein Kampf, used in the novel? . Hans gives it to Max to avoid suspicion. Part 4. Ilsa Hermann is the mayor's wife. Liesel takes the washing for the last time to 8 Grande Strasse. Mein Kampf is a study in Hitler’s attempt to shed the image of the opportunistic local demagogue and assume the role of fuhrer, the heroic leader who. Mein Kampf Summary: Mein Kampf, also known as the 'Book of Evil,' was published on 18th July 1925. Adolf Hitler, Bob Carruthers (Introduction), James Murphy (Translator) 3. He aims to survive without putting anyone else at risk. M. 387 Words. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1943. 2009–2011. ”. The Way Home. Adolf Hitler - Mein Kampf (Ford Translation) Mein Kampf: the Ford translation. They sometimes pass by such truisms as though blind and are most astonished when someone suddenly discovers what everyone really ought to know. As early as 1919 Adolf Hitler had written, “Rational anti-Semitism, however, must lead to systematic legal opposition. Weight. View. Source: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf,translated by Ralph Manheim. Unlock the more straightforward side of Mein Kampf with this concise and insightful summary and analysis! This engaging summary presents an analysis of Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler, which was written during Hitler’s incarceration in Landsberg Prison and contains a detailed expression of his political thought. Max moves to the basement and continues to feel guilty for leaving his family and for putting Hans, Rosa, and Liesel in danger. "There is today one state," wrote Hitler, "in which at. Writer. Race And People. Summary and Analysis Part 4: The Standover Man: Pages from the Basement. My Struggle is a 1925 autobiographical book by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. . Adolf Hitler: Table of Contents | Biography |"Mein Kampf". book summary hindi index funds Index funds vs mulual funds Featured Post How to sleep smarter. Adolf Hitler. Originally published on 18 July 1925, Adolf Hitler’s semi-autobiographical rant, Mein Kampf, sold moderately at first. ”. The inhabitants of Himmel Street continue to struggle for money and food. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926. Mein KampfThis edition is the only German government funded and recognized version of Adolf Hitler's popular Mein Kampf (popularly known as My Struggle in English). Max paints over the pages of Mein Kampf and writes a book called The Standover Man for Liesel. Adolf Hitler. Volume 1: A Reckoning. The image of the student reading Mein Kampf was shared on the social media platform Snapchat and led to the filing of an.